Evaluation of fungicides for the control of bakanae. Bakanae of rice cause by fusarium moniliforme sexual stage. Etiology of the causal agent based on morphological, physiological and pathogenicity characteristics. Experience indicates the m105 and m104 are more susceptible to blast than m206, however th e field resistance of m105 is not known. Use salt water to separate lightweight, infected seeds during soaking. Survey of incidence of rice diseases in the sacramento valley. Fusarium fujikuroi, the causal agent of bakanae disease, is the main seedborne pathogen on rice.
Bakanae disease also known as foolish seedling disease is emerged as a significantly important disease in rice growing country in asia. Bakanae disease was first found in california in 1999. Here, we developed 168 nearisogenic rice lines nils, bc6f4 to locate a qtl for. Bakanae disease is caused by several species of fusarium and imposes serious limitations on rice production worldwide. Diseased plants are often conspicuous in a field because of their extreme height and pale, spindly appearance. It is caused by the fungus gibberella fujikuroi, the metabolism of which produces a surplus of gibberellic acid. Identification of bakanae disease resistance loci in japonica. The fungus affects rice crops in asia, africa, and north america. Studies on control of bakanae disease of rice plants, caused by gibberella fujikuroi.
To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of rice bakanae disease resistance, we employed a 6plex tandem. An extensive survey conducted during 2014 in two districts of south kashmir viz. They are mainly caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Its incidence ranges from 3% to 80% in major rice growing areas, including china, india, bangladesh, and korea, and yield losses due to the bakanae were estimated at approximately 10% to 50% bonman, 1992. Proteomic dissection of the rice fusarium fujikuroi interaction and.
Out of eight fungicides tested, derosal was most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth in vitro. Bakanae disease was widespread in peninsular malaysia and three provinces of indonesia with the range of disease severity from scale 1 to 5 and disease incidence from 0. Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid are. Its incidence ranges from 3% to 80% in major rice growing areas, including china, india, bangladesh, and korea, and yield losses due to the bakanae were estimated at approximately 10% to 50%.
Bakanae disease is a disease that infects the rice plant. Use clean seeds to minimize the occurrence of the disease. Mapping of qbk1, a major qtl for bakanae disease resistance. Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid are involved. Survey of incidence of rice diseases in the sacramento valley of california luis espino1, ray wennig2 and ray stogsdill2 objective. Bakanae disease is a disease of rice caused by gibberella fujikuroi that was first described in japan and now is widely distributed throughout asia, africa, north america, and italy ou 1985. Bakanae occured in japan in 1908, which is much earlier than its first occurence in the philippines in 1980s. The effect of silicate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on chemical components of rice plants and on the incidence of blast disease of rice caused by pyricularia oryzae. Pdf bakanae disease is widely distributed in all rice growing areas of the world. Survey of incidence of rice diseases in the sacramento. Rice bakanae is an important disease that causes serious rice production loss worldwide.
To control the disease eleven fungicides from different fungicidal. Other reports show that bakanae also infects maize, sorghum, and sugarcane. Detecting bakanae disease in rice seedlings by machine vision. To understand the basis of rice resistance, a quantitative method to simultaneously detect phytohormones and phytoalexins was developed by using hplcmsms. Document the incidence of rice diseases in the rice growing area of the sacramento valley. Rice blast caused by pyricularia grisea first identified in ca in 1996 most important rice disease worldwide fungal spores dispersed by air multiple cycle disease very dependent upon environmental conditions leaf wetness, high r. Introduction bakanae is widely distributed rice disease in all rice growing areas of the world caused by fusarium moniliforme sheldon ou 1985. Biological control of rice bakanae by an endophytic bacillus. Bakanae disease of rice caused by fusarium fujikuroi nirenberg anamorph is destructive especially in asian countries, where rice is an economically important crop.
Infected plants are abnormally tall with pale, thin leaves, produce fewer tillers, and produce only partially filled or empty grains. Bakanae or foot rot disease is a prominent disease of rice caused by gibberella fujikuroi. Identification of bakanae disease resistance loci in. Detecting bakanae disease in rice seedlings by machine. Rapid diagnosis of rice bakanae caused by fusarium. We describe a new method for rapid diagnosis of rice bakanae caused by fusarium fujikuroi and f.
A germplasm collection of japonica rice was screened for f. Bakanae disease caused by fusarium fujikuroi nirenberg f. With this method dynamic profiles and possible interactions of defenserelated phytohormones and phytoalexins. Irc 2018 poster presentation groups and titles presentation.
Laboratory manual for fusarium research, 2nd edition. Bakanae disease of rice in california update laurel anderson, r. Rice is one of the important food crops grown in india and all over world. Grain discoloration yellow rice, spotted rice, brown spot, stackburn, red blotch, black kernel, pecky rice, dirty rice, bunt, scab, and black rot dark discoloration. The disease spreads mainly through airborne conidia and the fungus survives as parasite and saprophyte in the infected grains, plant debris and also on other crop debris. M105 is susceptible to the race of blast disease found in california. The word bakanae is a japanese word that means foolish seedling and describes the excessive elongation often seen in infected plants. Disinfection of rice seeds is just a preliminary work of plant disease control in rice culture.
Jan 28, 2019 bakanae disease, caused by the fungus fusarium fujikuroi, occurs widely throughout asia and europe and sporadically in other rice production areas. The pathogen infects rice grains in fields and during storage. According to the writers experiments it is clear that the fungus has the power of attacking riceseedlings germinated in perfect health, causing the characteristic overgrowth. Management pre and postharvest measures should be taken into account for prevention of grain discolouration.
It is for extermination of disease germs on the seeds so that rice might grow soundly. Integrated approach to control false smut in hybrid rice it has become one of the most important rice diseases in china due to the largescale expansion of highyielding rice varieties, over use of chemical fertilizers and more. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of rice bakanae disease resistance, we employed a 6plex tandem mass tag approach for relative quantitative. Disin fection of rice seeds is very effective and easy to do as one of the disease control methods. Rice technology bulletin series pinoy rice knowledge bank. Bakanae disease, one of the most noteworthy seedborne rice diseases, is caused by fusarium fujikuroi, a member of the gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Management of bakanae disease of rice ks hossain1, mat mia2 and ma bashar department of botany, university of dhaka, dhaka, bangladesh key words. Biological control of fusarium fujikuroi the causal agent of.
In epidemic cases yield losses may reach up to 20% or more. Pdf management of bakanae disease of rice caused by fusarium. This disease is also called white stalk, generally distributed where ever rice is grown. Bakanae disease was first identified in japan by shotaro hori in 1898. Molecular mapping of qbk1 wd, a major qtl for bakanae. Studies on the control of bakanae disease of rice plant. Jun 01, 2016 bakanae disease of rice caused by fusarium fujikuroi nirenberg anamorph is destructive especially in asian countries, where rice is an economically important crop.
Bakanae is one of the major diseases of rice in bangladesh and causes substantial yield loss. Seedling disease affects rice during the first two weeks after planting, killing seeds before they germinate. The puzzle of bakanae disease through interactions between. Identification of bakanae disease resistance loci in japonica rice. This disease may infect rice plants from the preemergence stage to the mature stage. Bakanae disease induces sterility, resulting in a considerable loss of grain yield ou, 1985, zainudin et al. The bakanae disease is caused by the fungus gibberella fujikuroi.
In bangladesh, it is one of the major diseases of rice. Bakanae disease of rice caused by fusarium fujikuroi nirenberg anamorph is destructive especially in asian countries, where rice is an. Genetic diversity a, genetic divergence fst b and marker density c estimates. The disease of rice has widespread occurrence in the ricegrowing tracts of the world. Bakanae disease is one of the most serious and oldest problems affecting rice production, first described in 1828 in japan ito and kimura 1931 and currently identified in europe, asia, africa, and north america ou 1985.
Diseases not included in the survey were seedling disease and bakanae. This exaggerated growth response was found to be due to. While, the efficiency of practical control on bakanae disease was judged in the seedling bed test in next spring. Bakanae is one of the oldest known diseases of rice in asia but has only been observed in california rice since 1999 and now occurs in all california rice growing regions. Fusarium moniliforme was found pathogenic on rice variety basmati385, after seed or soil infestation. Burgess lw, summerell ba, bullock s, gott kp, backhouse d. Bakanae is one of the oldest known diseases of rice in asia but has only been observed in california rice since 1999 and now occurs in all california ricegrowing regions.
Some infected plants may be stunted instead of elongated, while the. Bakanae or foot rot disease caused by fusarium fujikuroi nirenberg is an important emerging disease of rice across the world. Methods eight sacramento valley counties where rice is grown were selected for the survey table 1. Bakanae disease of rice is widely distributed in asia and was first recognized in japan in 1828.
In punjab, foot rot bakanae disease has become an economically important disease in basmati incidence of bakanae disease of basmati rice in southwestern part of punjab and its management gurmail singh sandhu and n. The major goals of this project are to gain an improved understanding of the biology of the diseases that affect rice in california and to develop methods to minimize their damage to the crop. Surveying this disease is difficult because it occurs before plant structures can be observed. In various rice growing countries, significant yield losses caused by the disease can range from 50% to more than 70%. Chemical control of bakanae disease of rice caused by. Pdf an over view of bakanae disease of rice researchgate. Other experiments in pathogen free soil showed that when infected crop. Chugoku agricultural experiment station bulletin, e2.
Bakanea, a systemic, seedborne disease caused by fusarium fujikuroi, is increasing in occurrence. Pathogenic variability of fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae. In the plant, this acts as a growth hormone, causing hypertrophy. Bakanae disease, caused by seedborne fusarium species, mainly f. Proteomic dissection of the rice fusarium fujikuroi. Gibberella fujikuroi sawada ito is emerging as a serious disease in rice. Bakanae disease decreases rice grain yield by 2050% in japan ou 1985 and 1525% in india gupta et al. It is infecting psb rc82, a popular variety in all rice ecosystems. Planting a resistant variety is the simplest and, often, the most cost effective management for diseases.
Pdf bakanae disease of rice in malaysia and indonesia. Symptoms of elongated seedlings led to the identification of bakanae in california rice fields in 1999. Mapping quantitative trait loci responsible for resistance to. The pathogen infects rice grains in fields and during storage, colonizes seedlings grown from contaminated grains, and. Pathogenic variability of fusarium fujikuroi abstract bakanae or foot rot disease is one of the newly emerged diseases of rice in kashmir. Bakanae incidence was very low when clean seed was planted in fields with a history of the disease. Bakanae disease of rice pdf pdf bakanae disease is widely distributed in all rice growing areas of the world. Webster, professor, department of plant pathology, university of california, davis. While very damaging in asia, the extent to which bakanae may effect california rice production is unknown.
The common bakanae disease symptoms in rice plant are abnormal elongation such as tall, lanky tillers with pale green flag leaves, driedup leaves, and infertile. The disease causes both quantitative and qualitative losses to the grains under the field conditions. Bakanae, foliar spray, fungicide, resistant variety, rouging, seed treatment abstract bakanae disease is widely distributed in all rice growing areas of the world. Pounded raw rice, fine rice flour and the water in which the rice was soaked were recorded in this old medical text as eye treatments. Management of bakanae disease of rice article pdf available in bangladesh journal of botany 442. Progress 100105 to 093007 outputs studies on the bakanae disease giberella fujikouri of rice showed that it is a single cycle disease and that infested seed is the primary source of inoculum. Recent changes in climate and cropping patterns have aggravated this disease.
Develop management practices for recently introduced rice. The decreasing availability of chemical seeddressing products over the last few years has raised the concerns of rice seed companies regarding bakanae disease. Influence on flowering season on rice plants and seed transmissibility through flower infection. This study aimed to determine its inoculum potential in rice seeds, effect on yield, and seed treatment materials to control the disease.
Bakanae disease, caused by the fungus fusarium fujikuroi, occurs widely throughout asia and europe and sporadically in other rice production. Bakanae disease, caused by the fungus fusarium fujikuroi, occurs widely throughout asia and europe and sporadically in other rice production areas. Rice production is threatened by bakanae disease, which is primarily caused by the fungus fusarium fujikuroi. Pdf management of bakanae disease of rice caused by. The disease was observed in fields in colusa, glenn, butte, sutter and yuba counties. Bakanae disease of rice is caused by a fungus and the scientific name of the fungus is fusarium moniliforme it is the imperfect stage of the fungus or gibberella fujikuroi it is the perfect stage of this fungus. After screening, primers were selected to target fusariumdna sequences, that is, the intergenic spacer igs.
The bakanae disease was proved to be caused by a species of fusarium isolated from the tissues of the infested plants. Sep, 2016 bakanae or foot rot disease caused by fusarium fujikuroi teleomorph. Incidence of bakanae disease of basmati rice in southwestern. Disease severity scale 09 of bakanae disease at 19 sampling areas in six states throughout the malaysian peninsula and three provinces in indonesia locality of granary areas growth stage of rice plants disease severity scale 09a disease incidence % malaysia langgar, kedah milky and mature 1 0.
There have been few estimates of losses due to bakanae disease, caused by g. In 1999, bakanae infested as much as 30% of rice fields in california. The disease is commonly seen in many parts of south. There are reports of yield losses of 20% in hokkaido, japan, as high as 4050% in the kinkichugoku region of japan, 15% in eastern districts of uttar pradesh, india, and 3. The incidence of this disease is increasing in the top rice growing countries.
Evaluation of fungicides for the control of bakanae disease. Bakanae effects on yield 8600 8800 9000 9200 9400 9600 9800 0 10200 10400 10600 10800 lbsac m202 m205 m206 not inoc inoc 100ml inoc 0ml. The occurrence of the disease in india has been reported by thomas 1937, padwick 1938, padmanabhan 1949, chattopadhyay and sen gupta 1952 and kar 1966. It is responsible for high yield losses ranging from 3. Gibberella fujikuroi is one of the important disease of rice occurring throughout rice oryza sativa l. The same fungicide when used for seed treatment and soil drenching was found most effective to control the disease in vivo. Biological control of rice bakanae by an endophytic.
A 2003 publication from the international rice research institute estimated that outbreaks of bakanae caused crop losses that were 20% to 50% in japan, 15% in thailand and 3. Last year plant pathologists set out to determine the distribution and impact of bakanae disease and the cultural practices that foster its development. With this method dynamic profiles and possible interactions of defenserelated phytohormones and phytoalexins were investigated on two rice. Crop losses caused by the disease may reach up to 20% in outbreak cases. The incidence of this disease is increasing in the top ricegrowing countries. Thus, higher resistance to this disease may be a costsaving solution preferable to the application of fungicides. It suffers from various biotic and abiotic stresses, among which bakanae disease caused by fusarium fujikuroi is one of the major and emerging constraints for its production. According to the writers experiments it is clear that the fungus has the power of attacking riceseedlings germinated in.